Hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining was adopted to assess pathological changes of lung tissues. Western blot was performed to examine phosphorylated(p)-IKKα, p-IκBα, p-p65, and IRF4 levels. Flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and ELISA were performed to detect T-helper 9 (Th9) cells, IL-9 expression, and IL-9 release. The asthmatic mouse model induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and CD4+T cells which were cultured with TGF-β, IL-2, IL-4, and anti-IFN-γ were applied in vivo and in vitro, respectively. This study aimed to explore the effect of Sgk1 on Th9 differentiation and the underlying mechanism in asthma. Interestingly, our study also demonstrated that in the absence of Akt activation, αA-crystallin inhibits the translocation of Bax in the mitochondria during metabolic stress, and this function is regulated by the phosphorylation of αA-crystallin on residue 148. Furthermore, the study also highlighted that significant inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway does not alter the neuroprotective ability of αA-crystallin in stressed retinal neurons. For the first time, this study has revealed that αA-crystallin and activated Akt are significantly neuroprotective in the stressed retinal neurons, independent of each other. We studied the importance of metabolic stress-induced enhanced Akt signaling and αA-crystallin interdependence for exhibiting neuroprotection in metabolically challenged retinal neurons. Among these demonstrated mechanisms, they are well-reported to regulate and inhibit apoptosis by interacting and sequestrating the proapoptotic proteins such as Bax and Bcl-Xs.
Molecular chaperone α-crystallins are known to potentially interact and/or regulate various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins to regulate cell survival. Signaling molecules in the membrane-initiated signaling pathway exhibiting neuroprotective function interacts with the PI3K/Akt pathway as an important survival pathway. In the retina, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is related to the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. 20244, and y thb MUeSRT Porjcet T\oriaed e Gri ea Adppliczaonii.Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signal pathway mediates pro-survival function in neurons. Workp aritlaly uppsrteo by tdhe E EUPRITS Log nTemrR esearch rPojcteA CLMOI- Tnuer cdontractN. n 1I9,3, 22]4it is hswon hw toheI RS anc be aplpedit o ortue emssgae asolgnsho terst atphson p atirclaurnetw ro tokopoligse,such as t eesr, rngsi e,ct. s.uh that cof rllat eh oneds u ndav o fG, mesasgesfrom uto v eachr vcor ertcly, nt onceesarsil yroutngis hroest ptthas. A prsvod ei n3, 22],4f o arny newotrkG herte awals eyxists anI RS wich hi svlai,d ie. nIIR,S ndeol-ablesb longeto the et s1 f::: ng w,hlei ilkn-lbael srae aprs of nideo-aleblsre peresntnig disoijn ittenvras lfo 1::n.]T seodn measage msf rmo sourace uota esdtiatnoni v,m i tsranmisttdeby u o thne u(nqiu) eilnk=e(u w )su cht at hteh lbaleo f vbeongl so the itnteral vssacoitea dto e. IonervtalRo tunigS hceem,sor siplym ISR ha,e beev nnirodtuec dn i19, 3, 22]4wit h ht euprosp ofemi inmziin gteh emorm reyqiuemrnes at thte vairos procusesos ofr intrconneceiton newtrkosf r tohe ditsrbiteud errepentationsof t e hsh(otrest path)s. Moerovr,e naewlowe rbuond n ohet congseitnoachie avbleb y chsmesefo rb tture ynetworks si porivedd,wichh mproievs wthire pestcto ht eebstpr veouisylk own noe 20]. T ish aper we pprviod lowecong-steed IntevralR ouitg ncSehms e(RI) fSro smo eocmomn nitercnoentcoin netorkws sch us abuttr ies,e rwapped butet ies and rubc eoncentcd eyclecs.In arptculair,y beplxotini tgehir hypecrbuel-ik esturtcrue,ews hwot ht a1IR-S na 2dIR- aSr elraaey du cseit not gt ecsehmse ith a cwnoegtsio nwich is at homt cstim se te hotpiamlon e f,r olwo consantt vlaus oef c. Iele i tf oathMmatiesc, Unveisriyt o fL'quAial Via Vtoeo ioc. SeDpatrmnet o flEetriccl aEgnneeirnig,U nviesriy oftL 'Auiqal Motnlueo cidR ooi, -I60407 'ALuqlia- Itlya.
LowCo gesnedtI tnrvea RloutnigSch meesf roHyp ercueb-LkieN tweokr In particular, by exploiting their hypercube-like structure, we show that 1-I In this paper we provide low-congested Interval Routing Schemes (IRS) for some common interconnection networks such as butterflies, wrapped butterflies and cube connected cycles.